mitosis and meiosis
Cell division — when it occurs correctly — is essential for living and is the basis of reproduction for every organism. Asexual reproduction produces offspring that inherit all their genetic material from just one parent, and with sexual reproduction, some of the genetic material from each parent combines, producing offspring that differ genetically from both parents. Mitosis is a process of asexual reproduction, and meiosis occurs in sexual reproduction.
Key concepts:
Asexual reproduction, a process produces offspring that inherit all their genetic material from just one parent.
Somatic cells, cells of the body
Prophase, the first stage of mitosis, the sister chromatids become visible.
Metaphase, the second stage of mitosis, the sister chromatids are fully attached to the spindle fibers.
Anaphase, is the third stage of mitosis, the sister chromatids separate from their partners to become individual chromosomes.
Telophase, the last stage of mitosis, the chromosomes begin to uncoil and take the form of chromatin, the spindle fibers disappear.
Sexual reproduction, the process in which two parents provide genetic material in order to produce offspring.
Karyotype, a display of all the chromosomes in a cell or individual.
Homologous chromosomes, the two chromosomes of each matching pair.
Haploid, a cell with a single set of chromosomes.
Diploid, a cell contain two sets of chromosomes.
Gametes, are the sex cells (egg cells and sperm).
Fertilization, the fusion of the nuclei along with the cytoplasm from the gametes.
Zygote, The resulting fertilized egg from fertilization.
Genetic recombination, the exchange of DNA segments.
Crossing over, the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
Synapsis, the close association between homologous chromosomes in early meiosis.
Image from : http://imcurious.wikispaces.com/Midterm+Exam+2010+Review+P1
Key concepts:
Asexual reproduction, a process produces offspring that inherit all their genetic material from just one parent.
Somatic cells, cells of the body
Prophase, the first stage of mitosis, the sister chromatids become visible.
Metaphase, the second stage of mitosis, the sister chromatids are fully attached to the spindle fibers.
Anaphase, is the third stage of mitosis, the sister chromatids separate from their partners to become individual chromosomes.
Telophase, the last stage of mitosis, the chromosomes begin to uncoil and take the form of chromatin, the spindle fibers disappear.
Sexual reproduction, the process in which two parents provide genetic material in order to produce offspring.
Karyotype, a display of all the chromosomes in a cell or individual.
Homologous chromosomes, the two chromosomes of each matching pair.
Haploid, a cell with a single set of chromosomes.
Diploid, a cell contain two sets of chromosomes.
Gametes, are the sex cells (egg cells and sperm).
Fertilization, the fusion of the nuclei along with the cytoplasm from the gametes.
Zygote, The resulting fertilized egg from fertilization.
Genetic recombination, the exchange of DNA segments.
Crossing over, the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
Synapsis, the close association between homologous chromosomes in early meiosis.
Image from : http://imcurious.wikispaces.com/Midterm+Exam+2010+Review+P1